Physicists have developed a new type of quantum computer that could easily scale up and make them more powerful than previously thought.
The new theory, described in a study published on May 21 in the journal PRX Quantumit suggests connecting qubits, the basic building blocks of quantum computers, over vast distances to function as if they were part of a single supercomputer.
While bits are used in classical arithmetic to organize data into two states of 1 or 0, and respectively, Quantitative calculations uses qubits (which rely on laws quantum mechanics) to encode the data in a superposition of 1 and 0. This means that data can be encoded in both regions at the same time. Each qubit operates at a given frequency.
These qubits can then be stitched together sum of numbers – where their data depends on a large separation in time or space – to process calculations in parallel. The more qubits are linked together, the more powerful the computer becomes.
Coherent qubits must share the same frequency. But the study suggests giving “extra” frequency of operations to interact with other qubits or to work alone if necessary.
The path to quantum supremacy
With enough interconnected qubits, future quantum computers could perform calculations that would take ancient computers thousands of years in a matter of seconds. But you need a quantum processor with millions of qubits to achieve this level of “Quantum Supremacy”, while the most powerful ones today have 1,000 qubits.
But maintaining stability between interconnected qubits, in order to process data, is difficult and requires complex electronics. Boosting qubits in a quantum computer to be powerful enough to make a leap the most powerful supercomputer today it also represents a big challenge – as you will also need to mount that complex circuit.
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But scientists suggest that with each additional qubit, they can get them to work together to perform calculations as if they were part of a single quantum computer. This is despite the fact that they may be separated by very large distances. It means that instead of having one large quantum processor that is difficult to maintain, you can use several small ones linked together.
“Each qubit in a quantum computer operates at a specific frequency. Realizing the unique capabilities of a quantum computer relies on being able to control each qubit individually through a different frequency, as well as to link pairs of qubits by matching their frequencies,” the study’s lead author. Vanita Srinivasaassistant professor of quantum information at the University of Rhode Island, said that a talk.
Stacking qubits like ‘LEGO blocks’
The scientists say that by using an oscillating voltage, they can generate additional frequencies for each qubit. By doing this, you can connect multiple qubits by tuning them to a new shared frequency, without matching their original frequencies. The qubits can then be connected, yet individually controlled using their original frequencies.
“This method of scaling is like building a large system using fixed LEGO blocks, which are like individual units, and connecting them using long pieces that are strong enough to maintain the connection between the blocks over time. wait before external influences break the connection,” Srinivasa said in the statement.
The model aims to overcome the challenges that scientists will face in developing quantum processors in the future. These are typically made of semiconductors and use billions of tiny transistors that can be used to make compact qubits. However, simply adding more qubits to a quantum processor will one day be impossible, scientists say.
Using the new model, the researchers believe that the quantum computers of the future will be built in a structured way – with small arrays of qubits in quantum processors that are connected by means of complex connections and remote connection. This will make them more powerful and capable of computing much faster than is possible using the technology we have today.
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